Role of Salivary Biomarkers in Hypertensive Patients: An Oral Pathologist’s Perspective
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Abstract
Hypertension is a major global health burden associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early detection and monitoring remain challenging because the disease often remains asymptomatic until complications develop. Saliva has recently emerged as a promising non-invasive diagnostic medium reflecting systemic physiological changes. This review explores the role of salivary biomarkers—including electrolytes, autonomic markers such as salivary alpha-amylase, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress indicators, and hormonal markers like cortisol and aldosterone—in the context of hypertension. These biomarkers mirror underlying neurohormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways involved in blood pressure regulation. Integrating salivary diagnostics with oral health evaluation may support early cardiovascular risk assessment and interdisciplinary preventive healthcare strategies.
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