Journal of Applied Bioscience

Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Schiff Base Derived from o-Vanillin and its Complexes

2025-07-09T11:36:29+0530

This study highlights the synthesis and characterization of tetradentate ONNO donor Schiff base ligand and thereafter complex formation with Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II). The Schiff base ligand is synthesized from 3-Methoxysalicylaldehyde and 4-Nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine. Ligand and complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV and ¹HNMR spectroscopy and were screened for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against two-gramnegative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and one-gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method. Further anticancer activity of ligand and complexes was screened with Humen breast cancer protein HER2(PDB ID: 3MZW) by molecular docking. The biological activity of complexes has been found greater than that of ligand.

Evaluation of Cinnamomum tamala Leaf and Bark Essential Oil as an Insecticidal Agent against Rice Moth, Corcyra cephalonica

2025-07-09T12:03:29+0530

Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the rice moth, a notorious insect damaging grain and processed food products under storage. Its larval stage of this moth feed externally on the grains andits products damaging both quantitative and qualitative. For the management of this insect pest and to reduce its outcomes in terms of losses in food products, several insecticides have been formulated, synthesized and used in various forms. Since these synthetic insecticides affect human environment, health, non-target organism as well as vital life-sustaining parameters of air, soil and water, scientific communities focused to develop green eco-friendly alternatives. In the present study, essential oil from bay plant cinnamon, Cinnamomum tamala (Family: Lauraceae) leaf and bark was extracted by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus and investigated for their potential as insecticidal agent in C. cephalonica. These two essential oils repel the adults inrepellency assay and cause lethality in larvae and adults both in fumigant toxicity assays. These two essential oils reduce oviposition potential in insect and interfere with the metamorphic transformation of larva to pupa to adult besides inhibiting hatching of eggs when fumigated. C. tamala leaf and bark essential oils also cause deterrence in feeding habit of C. cephalonica larvae. In conclusion, the essential oils isolated from C. tamala leaf and bark can be used as an importantcomponent in developing eco-friendly insecticide formulation.

Synthesis, Characterization Biological Activity and Molecular Docking of Some Trivalant Transition Metal Complexes with Schiff Bases Derived from o-Vanillin

2025-07-09T12:15:45+0530

This study highlights the synthesis and characterization of tetradentate ONNO Schiff base ligands H₂L¹ (N, N-Bis(vanillinidene)-4-chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine), and H₂L²(N,N-Bis(vanillinidene)-4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine) and Fe(III), Co(III), Cr(III) complexes of H₂L¹and H₂L². The Schiff base ligands H₂L¹ and H₂L² have been synthesized from o-vanillin and 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine by condensing them in 2:1 molar ratio, respectively. Ligands and complexes have been characterized by microanalytical technique, FTIR, UV, NMR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility. On coordination to the metal centers, the ν(C=N) and ν (C-O) peaks shifted to lower frequencies and new peaks for (M-N) and (M-O) appears in the range 535-560 and 421-460 cm^-1, respectively. The Schiff base ligand and complexes have been screened for antimicrobial property against bacteria and fungi. Molecular docking has also been carried out against CPE(Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin) (PDB ID:2XH6). It has been observed that affinity of complex is greater than ligand.

Development of Evaluation and Validation Technique for Assessment of Stability Content of Melatonin and Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Tablets using RP-HPLC

2025-07-09T12:42:31+0530

Melatonin and Pyridoxine Hydrochloride combination drugs are used in the treatment of insomnia. Despite their widespread usage, the simultaneous assessment of these substances in tablet form, lack stability-indicating techniques. To warrant stability of the tablet under varied storage conditions, the study aims to establish a novel RP-HPLC technique for the estimation of Melatonin and Pyridoxine simultaneously in the formulation. Additionally, content uniformity in the tablet is also essential to ensure that patients receive a reliable and efficient dose. Hence, the formulation was also evaluated for content uniformity. Waters symmetric C18 column (3.9 x 150 mm, 5 µm) was used to obtain sufficient chromatographic separation with well-defined peaks. The method used flow rate of 1-mL/min, column oven temperature of 25°C, injection volume 10 µL and Diode array detector at 280 nm. Mobile phase contains 20% methanol and 80% buffer (mix 670 mL water, 320 mL methanol, 10 mL glacial acetic acid and 1.4 g of 1-hexane sulphonic acid sodium salt). Method validation comprised tests for accuracy, precision, robustness, specificity, linearity and stability. Method was linear (r > 0.999), accurate (recovery: 98% to 102%), and precise (%RSD < 2%). Analyte stability was observed for upto 6 months in accelerated stability conditions, intermediate stability conditions and long-term stability conditions. Content uniformity tests showed that drug contents are within acceptable range.

Chromium(III), Cobalt(III) and Iron(III) Complexes of NNS Chelating Thiosemicarbazone Ligands: Spectroscopic and Biological Studies

2025-07-09T12:53:22+0530

Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) have been emerged as influential category of N,S-donor ligands with an extended time due to structural divergence, donor effectiveness and biological applications. Nitrogen possessing marginal feature can bind with hard-soft transition metal ions while sulphur favours coordination with ions of soft metals. A new series of transition metal complexes of Chromium(lll), Cobalt(III) and Iron(lll) derivatives have been isolated from thiosemicarbazone ligands upon reacting with diacetyl-α-monoxime and unsubstituted/substituted thiosemicarbazone.
The synthesized ligands and complexes were distinguished through physical investigations along with spectral investigation (UV-Vis, IR and 1H NMR). The obtained input illustrates that these complexes have composition of [M(LH)2]Cl·3H2O type and octahedral geometry around central metal ion with N/ S donor atoms. The ligands are of uni-negative tridentate nature. The synthesized trivalent metal complexes appear to be 1:1 electrolyte. In addition, biological studies have been carried out in vitro for investigated compounds

A Clinical Study Examining the Impact of Transcendental Meditation and Amala Powder on Stage 1 Hypertension Patients' Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure

2025-07-09T13:23:03+0530

This randomized clinical trial explores the effects of Amala powder (Emblica officinalis) and Transcendental Meditation (TM) on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with stage 1 hypertension. Hypertension, a key risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, affects a significant portion of the global population. Non-pharmacological treatments such as herbal supplements and meditation practices offer potential alternatives to traditional antihypertensive medications. The study enrolled 90 participants and was divided into three groups: Group 1 received Amala powder, Group 2 practiced TM, and Group 3 combined both interventions over 3 months. Blood pressure, lipid profiles, and other cardiovascular markers were monitored throughout. Results demonstrated significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in all groups, with the most substantial improvements seen in Group 3, which combined both therapies. Additionally, Group 3 showed the greatest improvements in lipid profiles, particularly in increasing HDL cholesterol levels. These findings suggest that combining Amala powder and TM may offer a practical, holistic approach to managing hypertension and improving cardiovascular health.

Biochemical Formulation Development and Evaluation of Face Mask Stick for Skin Ailments with Pinus pinaster (pine bark oil)

2025-07-09T13:51:32+0530

In recent years, skin care has gained significant attention with more individuals. The demand for natural and effective skincare products has continued to grow in recent years. A face mask is a skin care product that effectively removes excess oil and dirt from the skin. It also gives hydration and moisturizing effect to skin. The aim of present work was formulation, development and evaluation of Face Mask Stick with Pine bark oil as an active ingredient. It is reported that, Pine Bark oil helps to reduce skin pigmentation, improve skin hydration, enhance brightness, skin rejuvenation and gives regenerative effect to the skin. The idea of formulation of face mask stick with pine bark oil as an active was conceptualized by a novel application method for skincare, i.e., face mask stick unlike traditional face mask format such as creams, gels or sheet masks. Face mask stick gives moisturizing effect and cleansing effect, it is travel friendly, time saving approach with mess-free application on skin. Pine bark oil was validated by analysis of color, odor, solubility, boiling point, refractive index and specific gravity. Different concentrations of pine bark oil were used to develop face mask stick and final formulation with 0.5% pine bark oil, was evaluated for parameters such as pH, colour, odour, homogeneity test, breaking load test, softening point test, disintegration time test, Total Microbial Count study. Also, stability study of final product was carried out; changes in parameters like colour, odour and texture at three different temperatures, i.e., in refrigerator temperature (at 4⁰C), at room temperature and at oven temperature (at 45⁰C) were recorded for 15 days at interval of 1 day, results showed that the product was stable with respect to colour, odour and texture. Subjective evaluation was carried out to study the functional parameters like appearance, ease of spreadability, improvement in texture, moisturizing effect, hydration and skin irritancy test on the panel of human volunteers. The study showed that face mask stick with 0.5% pine bark oil as an active gives satisfactory effect in terms of cleansing effect, moisturizing effect, skin hydration, without irritancy on skin.

Survey on: Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Consumer Buying Behaviour Towards Cosmetic Industry

2025-07-09T14:12:13+0530

The Cosmetic Industry is witnessing transformative shifts in consumer behaviour, largely influenced by advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. The integration of AI technologies, including recommendation systems such as virtual try-ons and personalized marketing algorithms has revolutionized the way consumers interact with cosmetic products. Currently, with the rapid enhancement of AI, Cosmetic Industry experiencing transformative changes. Hence, there is need to study how artificial intelligence affects buying decisions and post purchase behaviour of customer purchasing cosmetic products. The aim of present work was to study impact of AI on consumer buying behaviour towards cosmetic industry, in Nagpur region. The existing research work is based on the quantitative research methods. The primary data was collected through the online questionnaire by using Google Form (link - https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1wKcV8Inw7FxR5DfhuXOHbotQsum-cHCtVMTgPVn6l1M/edit) to capture as many responses as possible. Convenience sampling method was used to collect sample. From the population of 109 the 85-sample size was selected and validated. For the present study Null hypothesis (H0) was “There is no significant impact of AI on consumer buying behaviour towards cosmetic industry” and Alternative hypothesis (H1) was “There is significant impact of AI on consumer buying behaviour towards cosmetic industry”. The data was analysed using descriptive analysis, Cronbach’ alpha testing method and Correlation analysis method. From the findings of the survey, the survey result rejected null hypothesis and supported the alternative hypothesis. The findings highlighted that there is significant relationship between artificial intelligence and consumer buying behaviour. Hence, it can be concluded that Artificial intelligence may be used by online businesses at every stage of the customer experience, including need-identification, information search, assessment, decision-making throughout the purchasing process and post-purchase behaviour to determine the purchasing patterns of customers on online platforms. The study has provided valuable insights into the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on consumer behavior within the cosmetic industry. It has been shown that virtual try-on tools and personalized suggestions have a significant impact on customer engagement and purchase decisions.

The Impact of pH and Solvent on the Extraction of Anthocyanin Pigments

2025-07-09T14:34:46+0530

As photosensitizers, anthocyanins offer the primary advantages of being readily accessible, completely biodegradable, and generally environmentally benign. To improve the energy conversion efficiency of natural photosensitizers, the analyst employed a range of strategies, including acidification, co-pigmentation, blending, and other methods, which yielded satisfactory results. This article discusses the pH dependency of dyes and the effects of various solvents on the economical extraction of anthocyanin colors. Anthocyanin dyes are also naturally used as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which ultimately balances out their intrinsic usage. At low pH levels, anthocyanins are stable and more soluble in CH₃OH and C₂H₅OH solvents.

Growth Inhibition and Oxidative Stress Responses in Root and Shoot of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek under Nickel Toxicity

2025-07-09T14:57:59+0530

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nickel toxicity (100 µM Ni) on shoot and root growth, as well as the oxidative system in green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek syn. Var. K-851) over a 16-day period. During this period the relationship between oxidative stress and Ni accumulation in shoot and root was studied. Depression in shoot and root growth was observed after 3d of Ni supply. Enhanced H₂O₂ concentration in roots only 24 hours after Ni supply indicated early induction of oxidative damage. Membrane lipid peroxidation was also observed early and was well related to Ni concentration. The ascorbate concentration in shoot and root showed an increase throughout the period of Ni supply, but dehydroascorbate concentration remained unaffected. The activity of the antioxidative enzymes SOD, APX and GR increased initially but decreased after 6 d of exposure to excess Ni supply. The activity of peroxidase increased up to 4 d but remained unaffected thereafter, and that of catalase decreased with the duration of excess Ni supply. Our findings suggest that oxidative damage, indicated by elevated H₂O₂and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, preceded the inhibition of shoot and root growth and was closely linked to the extent of Ni accumulation in the roots. Prolonged Ni exposure led to increased Ni accumulation, ultimately resulting in the breakdown of the antioxidative defense system in green gram.

Induction and Inheritance of Determinate Growth Habit in Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)

2025-07-09T15:10:18+0530

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of DT induction and inheritance in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) using mutagenesis. Since black gram is mostly a self-pollinating species, hybridization is not an option; therefore, mutant breeding is a good way to get desirable traits. Two black gram cultivars, AKU-15 and Black Gold, were subjected to treatments of gamma irradiation (100-400 Gy) and electromagnetic fields (0.1-0.4%) in order to promote determinate development. With a primary emphasis on the 300-400 Gy gamma and 0.3-0.4% EMS treatments, the study investigated DT mutants with terminal and axillary inflorescences. The evidence of a recessive digenic epistatic model for DT development in the segregating generations (F1 to F4), with a ratio of 3:13. Studies have shown that by breeding mutants, a consistent growth habit may be achieved, which could be used as a genetic resource for better black gram cultivation.

Intramural Aeromycobiota in the Stored Husk in Arva Rice Mill, Wadsa, Gadchiroli

2025-07-09T15:33:38+0530

The diversity of intramural aeromycobiota hase been evaluated in the husk during storage in the Arva Rice Mill, Desaiganj of District- Gadchiroli, Maharashtra. About 1,804 fungal colonies representing 28 species and 13 genera have been isolated using CzA media. The study revealed that fungal counts peaked between July and October, corresponding with elevated humidity and temperature, while the lowest counts were recorded in May. The results underscore the significance of understanding the microbial environment in rice mills, as it directly impacts both food safety and health of mill worker. The study highlights the importance of monitoring fungal diversity in rice mills, offering essential insights for improving air quality management and implementing effective occupational health safety measures in the rice processing industry. These findings contribute to better practices for ensuring hygienic, contamination-free processing environments for rice production.

Prey-Predator Relationships in Ladybird Beetles and Biological Control of Insect Pests

2025-07-08T17:00:16+0530

Members of family Coccinellidae, commonly known as ladybirds, are predaceous insects that are polyphagous in nature. Their prey range is categorised as essential, alternative or rejected. Ladybirds fed essential prey survive better as larvae and are more fecund as adults, whereas those fed on alternate prey are only able to survive without growth and reproduction. Rejected prey species are unpalatable due to their intensive/ aposematic colourations and/ or presence of certain allelochemicals. Consequently, they are rejected even after encounters. Certain prey species are even harmful to ladybirds, causing their mortality, and are termed as toxic prey species. Ladybirds accept some prey species that are not adequate and worsen their life-history parameters, although they are not toxic and are considered ‘problematic prey’. While the prey of ladybirds is classified as essential, alternative, rejected and toxic, ladybirds prefer essential prey to perform their best in terms of egg maturation, oviposition and development. However, numerous other factors may affect the prey preferences of ladybirds, and include: (i) prey species, (ii) prey abundance, (iii) morphology, mobility and defence of prey, (iv) learning ability, memory, morphological character and previous feeding experience of predator, (v) environmental factors (temperature and photoperiod), and (vi) genetic factors. While ladybirds locate their prey by extensive search, but switch to intensive search once the feeding of prey initiates. If no further prey are captured, these predators gradually change their prey search mode from intensive to extensive again. During both extensive and intensive searches, ladybirds sense both environmental and inner cues that orientate them toward their prey. However, both abiotic (temperature, humidity, light intensity) and biotic factors (prey, other predators and their interactions) affect the searching behaviour of ladybirds by modifying their rate of movement. Thus, the biocontrol programmes can only be benefitted if all such factors that affect prey-predator relationships in Coccinellidae are fully explored prior to the selection of ladybird species for their mass multiplication in laboratories.

Predators and Parasitoids of Aphids (Aphididae: Homoptera) Infesting Potato Crops in India

2025-07-08T17:28:56+0530

The present article enlists the predators and parasitoids of the aphids (Aphididae: Hemiptera) infesting potato crops and their distribution in different states and union territories of India. Most of them are found to prey/ parasitise Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii Glover and. The predators belong to one order of class Arachnida: Araneae (families Araneidae, Oxyopidae, Philodromidae) and three orders of the class Insecta: Coleoptera (family Coccinellidae), Diptera (family Syrphidae) and Neuroptera (family Chrysopidae). A total of 43 species of predators from various taxa were recorded to feed 4 species of the potato aphids distributed in 12 states/ union territories of India. The highest number of predators belonged to the families Coccinellidae (27 species) and Syrphidae (8 species). Most of the tritrophic associations (triplets, predators-preys-host plants) of these predators were reported in Uttar Pradesh (20 triplets), Manipur (19 triplets), Maharashtra and West Bengal (10 triplets each), and other states/union territories less than 10 triplets. All the parasitoids of potato aphids belong to two subfamilies Aphelininae (Aphelinidae: Hymenoptera) and Aphidiinae (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) in India. A total of 15 species of parasitoids were observed parasitising these potato aphids infesting in 10 states/union territory of India. Most of the tritrophic associations (triplets) of these parasitoids were reported from Manipur (6 triplets) followed by Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand (5 triplets each) and others less than 5 triplets. Indeed, minimal attempts have been made to record the natural enemies of the potato aphids in India, and an intensive and extensive survey plan is warranted to record them in unexplored areas.

Role of Zinc in Mitigating Drought Stress and Enhancing Resilience in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2025-07-08T18:15:49+0530

This review examines the impact of drought stress on maize and the role of zinc (Zn) in enhancing drought resistance. Maize, is a crucial crop in India, faces significant challenges due to abiotic stresses, particularly drought, which adversely affects its growth, physiology, yield, and nutritional quality. Drought stress leads to reduced plant height, leaf area, and photosynthesis, ultimately impacting kernel production. Zinc is an essential micronutrient, plays a vital role in regulating various physiological processes, including chlorophyll synthesis and stress responses. The review highlights the mechanisms by which Zn enhances maize's resilience to drought, including improved root development, increased water absorption, and enhanced expression of aquaporins (AQPs). Furthermore, it discusses agronomic strategies for Zn biofortification, such as foliar application and seed priming, to mitigate Zn deficiency in maize grown in zinc-deficient soils. The genetic basis of Zn accumulation in maize is also explored, emphasizing the potential of marker-assisted selection and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to develop high-yielding, zinc-enriched maize varieties. Overall, this review highlights the crucial role of zinc in enhancing maize's drought tolerance and nutritional quality, thereby enhancing food security in the face of climate change.

Seasonal Dynamics of Zooplankton in Relation to Water Quality of Fresh water Lentic Ecosystem: A Review

2025-07-08T18:42:31+0530

Lentic freshwater ecosystems are intricate and dynamic habitats where zooplankton play a pivotal role in maintaining ecological integrity through nutrient cycling and energy transfer. They act assensitive bioindicators and are susceptible toeven small changes in key physico-chemical variables such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient levels. Zooplankton communities exhibit conspicuous temporal and spatial variations in diversity, abundance, and distribution, mirroring the shifts in their habitat. This review synthesizes insights from studies on different lentic habitats to explore the complex relationship between zooplankton populations and water quality. Seasonal patterns reveal that temperature and nutrient availability significantly influence zooplankton with rotifers frequently emerging as the dominant group. Presence of pollution-tolerant species such as Brachionus and Keratella in eutrophic and comparatively less polluted waters proves them as critical indicators of deteriorating water quality.Different diversity indices, such as the Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Margalef indices, are commonly used to assess the trophic status and ecological health of lentic ecosystems. Zooplankton, not only serve as reliable indicators of the changes in their habitats, but also play a crucial role in energy transfer from producers to higher trophic levels. Long-term monitoring of zooplankton communities helps to attribute the impacts of anthropogenic activities such as pollution load and eutrophication on lentic ecosystems.This review focuses the importance of regular assessments of zooplankton diversity, as a pre-requisite for detecting the magnitude of the temporal and spatial ecological shifts; followed by policy design and planning for conservation of lentic water resources for sustaining aquatic biodiversity and ensuring ecosystem resilience in response to environmental changes. By understanding the interplay between zooplankton populations and physico-chemical parameters, researchers and policy makers can better foresight and predict ecosystem responses to natural and human-induced disturbances, thereby contributing to the effective planning for mitigation and management of freshwater resources.