Sociodemographic, Housing and Sanitation Conditions in Rural Northern Maharashtra state of India: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: The sociodemographic study investigates the social, economic, and cultural concerns that have an impact on and are influenced by population dynamics. It helps to understand how different aspects of society are influenced by demographic characteristics and fluctuations. Housing conditions in rural India vary based on location, economic status, and cultural practices. Despite poverty reduction, one-third of the population lacks sufficient housing.

Objective: This research was conducted with the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of sociodemographic factors, housing, and sanitation conditions in rural northern Maharashtra.

Methodology: The survey was conducted at the RHTC from January to August 2023, involving 143 families from three villages. Data was collected by medical students after obtaining informed consent from the head of the family. The variables included family types, gender distribution, socioeconomic status, house types, overcrowding, and cross ventilation. Data entry and analysis were performed using MS Excel and Jamovi software.

 Result: The study analyzed 143 families, with 42% being nuclear, 29% joint, and 29% were three generations. Out of the total population, 51% were females and 73% of the population belonged to the age group of 15-64 years of age, 49% of the people were educated up to 12^th standard. Approximately 80% lived in their own homes, with overcrowding and cross-ventilation being common. Most households had separate kitchens, LPG for cooking, and tap water was the most common water source. Only 24% of families were using chlorination for water purification. 62% of families disposed of solid waste in open spaces. Most of the families had yellow and orange ration card (91% combined).

Conclusion: According to the survey, the proportion of women and men is equal in rural northern Maharashtra, where most families are provided with tap water by Gramme Panchayats and belong to classes IV and V. The study shows significant improvements in socioeconomic status, literacy rate, family size, sex ratio, sanitation, water safety, and LPG cooking in four tribal block villages.