Histopathological Analysis of Non-neoplastic Skin Lesions in a Tertiary Healthcare Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study
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Abstract
Background: Skin diseases are common health concerns worldwide, with high prevalence in developing countries like India, influenced by climate, socioeconomic conditions, and healthcare access. Histopathological examination is pivotal for diagnosing non-neoplastic skin lesions, distinguishing between clinically similar conditions, and guiding appropriate treatment.
Objective: To analyze the histopathological profiles of non-neoplastic skin lesions in patients from tribal populations surrounding SMBT Medical College and Hospital, Nashik, and correlate clinical and histopathological diagnoses.
Methods: This observational study analyzed 110 cases of non-neoplastic skin lesions prospectively and retrospectively from September 2015 to May 2017. Skin biopsies were processed using standard histopathological techniques, and special stains were used when required. Clinical data, including patient demographics and lesion characteristics, were collected and correlated with histopathological findings.
Results: Among the 110 lesions analyzed, 50.9% were infectious, predominantly fungal infections (39.3%), followed by bacterial (28.6%), viral (17.9%), and parasitic (14.2%) infections. Inflammatory lesions accounted for 49.1%, with eczema (33.3%), psoriasis (25.9%), and lichen planus (22.2%) being the most common. Males (62%) were predominantly affected, with the highest incidence in the 21–30 years age group, while females were most affected in the 41–50 years age group. The back (33%) was the most commonly affected site.
Conclusion: Histopathology is critical for diagnosing non-neoplastic skin lesions, particularly in tribal populations. A high prevalence of fungal infections and inflammatory dermatoses emphasizes the need for targeted public health interventions, improved hygiene practices, and access to healthcare facilities. Early histopathological evaluation aids in precise diagnosis and effective management.
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