Hypothalamo-Hypophysial regulation of reproduction in teleosts with special reference to Labeo rohita (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822)
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Abstract
Reproduction in most of the tropical, subtropical fish species is periodic and the peak reproductive event, spawning occurs in the most suitable time of the year to ensure maximum survival and growth of the offsprings. Annual fluctuation in photoperiod and its dependent variable temperature are considered as the primary environmental factors regulating reproductive cycle of fishes. By and large, proper favorable synchronization of different environmental factors determines the reproductive success in teleosts mainly through the endocrine regulation of hypothalamo-hypophysial-gonadal axis. Proper understanding and knowledge of these endocrine secretions and mechanism of their regulations are of paramount importance not only because of the difficulty in manipulating the environmental variable but also to exercise varying degrees of control over the different stages of reproduction. The Indian major carp, Labeo rohita, commonly known as “Rohu” in many parts of India is a cultivable fish of high consumer preference. This fish attains maturity after second year of life and breeds once in a year during the monsoon season. The annual reproductive cycle of the Indian major carp (I.M.C.) has been divided into six periods - (i) Immature phase (December-January), (ii) Developing phase (February-March), (iii) Early maturing phase (April), (iv) Ripening phase (May-June), (v) Mature gravid (July-August) and (vi) Regressing stage (September-November). Ovarian growth is coincided with the enhancement of temperature and photoperiod from March when oocytes are characterized with the inclusion of yolk vesicles and yolk granules. These oocytes are transformed into yolky mature follicles during maturation phase (April-May) and attain the maximum oocyte diameter during the spawning phase (June-July). Ovary undergoes regression with decline of water temperature during September-October. An attempt has been made to correlate the changes occurring hypothalamus (NPO and NLT) and pituitary gonadotrophs (cynophil cells) with ovarian maturation in the commercially important Indian major carp, L. rohita.
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