Biotic Indices Freshwater Ecosystems using Aquatic Entomofauna as A Bioindicator
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Abstract
All living species on the planet rely on the availability of clean and fresh water. Anthropogenic activities have confined most of the water resources in raising pollution loads, which have had a significant influence on their health quality status and faunal diversity due to changes in physicochemical properties. Variability in physicochemical water properties has crucial impact on the aquatic insect distribution patterns in the water; they have different susceptibilities to pollution and environmental disturbances. Tolerance value and sensitivity of entomofauna is utilized in biotic indices to monitor condition of various water bodies. The present study highlights the importance of utilizing multiple indices for a comprehensive assessment and ecological indicators to provide better insight for water conservation and management strategies. At global landscape, multiple biological monitoring indices, namely Biological Monitoring Working Party Score System (BMWP), Average Score per Taxon (ASPT), Stream Invertebrate Grade Number-Average Level (SIGNAL), Hilsenhoff’s Family Biotic Index (FBI), and Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera Index (EPT Index), are most popularly used. Since composition of entomofauna is altered in different geographical region, global applicability of these biotic indices is enhanced by employing their modified versions viz., BMWP- Thailand (BMWP-Thai), BMWP- Malaysia (BMWP-My), BMWP- Vietnam (BMWP-Viet), ASPT-Thailand (ASPT-Thai), ASPT- Vietnam (ASPT-Viet), ASPT- South Africa Score System Version 5 (ASPTSASS5), Malaysian Family Biotic Index (MFBI) and SIGNAL version 2. Interpretation value, considering various taxonomic levels and classification systems for each index, are provided in the present study, offering a holistic understanding of water quality.
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