Investigating Obesity-related Biomarkers in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Article Sidebar

JOAB article image
Full Text Article
Published: Dec 31, 2024
Keywords:
Gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity biomarkers, Ghrelin, Vaspin, Adiponectin, Lepocalin, insulin resistance

Main Article Content

Soumya Khanna
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
Shraddha Chaurasiya
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
Royana Singh
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
Shikha Sachan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
Chandramayee Mohanty
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
Nigil Napolean
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
Nitish Singh
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
Surbhi Singh
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication linked to obesity and insulin resistance, posing risks to both mother and child. This study investigated the levels of specific obesity-related biomarkers—Ghrelin, Vaspin, Adiponectin, Neudesin, and Lepocalin—in pregnant women with and without GDM. Blood samples were analyzed using ELISA to measure serum biomarker concentrations. Significantly higher levels of these biomarkers were found in GDM cases, suggesting their potential role in GDM development. These biomarkers, linked to energy regulation, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and appetite control, could serve as early indicators of GDM risk. While IGF-1 levels did not show a significant difference, the combined biomarker profile may improve GDM detection and treatment monitoring. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting these biomarkers for personalized GDM management.


Keywords: 

Article Details

How to Cite
Khanna, S., Chaurasiya, S., Singh, R., Sachan, S., Mohanty, C., Napolean, N., Singh, N., & Singh, S. (2024). Investigating Obesity-related Biomarkers in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Applied Bioscience, 50(2), 122–129. Retrieved from https://9vom.in/journals/index.php/joab/article/view/463
Issue
Vol. 50 No. 2 (2024): July-December, 2024
Section
Original Research Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 190: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2018;131(2):e49-e64.

American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Supplement_1):S1-S194.

Catalano PM, Shankar K. Obesity and Pregnancy: Mechanisms of Short Term and Long Term Adverse Consequences for Mother and Child. BMJ. 2017;356:j1.

Kampmann U, Madsen LR, Skajaa GO, Iversen DS, Moeller N, Ovesen P. Gestational Diabetes: A Clinical Update. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(8):1065-72.

Klein J, Romero R, Xu Y, et al. A Role for Fetal Adipose Tissue in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2020;222(1):S775-S785.

Buchanan TA, Xiang AH. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(3):485-491.

Al-Goblan AS, Al-Alfi MA, Khan MZ. Mechanism Linking Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity. 2014;7:587-591.

Jang JE, Kim HS, Cho HY, et al. Serum Adipokine Concentrations in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0180920.

Cheng YW, Chung JH, Block-Kurbisch I, et al. The Association between Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2016;214(6):S5-S10.

Fasshauer M, Blüher M. Adipokines in Health and Disease. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 2015;36(7):461-470.

Hivert MF, Cardenas A, Rifas-Shiman SL, et al. Elevated Early Pregnancy Anti-Inflammatory Adipokines and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(9):3387-3394.

Mokkala K, Tertti K, Rönnemaa T, Houttu N, Laitinen K. Evaluation of Serum Adipokines in Early Pregnancy in Women at Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Cytokine. 2019;113:79-84.

Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation and Metabolic Disorders. Nature. 2006;444(7121):860-867.

Ding T, Hardiman PJ, Petersen I, Wang FF, Qu F, Baio G. The Role of Adipokines in Metabolic Regulation in Pregnancy. Cytokine. 2016;88:122-130.

Kirwan JP, Hauguel-de Mouzon S, Lepercq J. Adipokines and the Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity During Pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(2):316-322.

Henson MC, Castracane VD. Leptin in Pregnancy: An Update. Biol Reprod. 2006;74(2):218-229.

Lowe WL, Scholtens DM, Kuang A, et al. Adipokine Profiles in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2020;105(5):e1864-e1875.

Santangeli L, Sattar N, Huda MS. Pregnancy: A Proinflammatory State with Impact on Adipokine Profile and Gestational Diabetes Risk. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2018;1(3):e00011.

Fasshauer M, Blüher M, Stumvoll M. Adipokines in Gestational Diabetes and Related Metabolic Conditions. Endocrine Reviews. 2014;35(6):790-811.

Yamamoto S, Matsushita Y, Yajima S, et al. The Association of Serum Ghrelin and Insulin Resistance in Gestational Diabetes. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice. 2017;11(5):543-548.

Bhattarai T, Lee HJ, Kim SH, Choi KC. Insulin Resistance and Ghrelin in Gestational Diabetes. Endocr J. 2013;60(2):177-187.

Qiu C, Hevner K, Abetew D, Enquobahrie DA, Williams MA. Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Gestational Diabetes. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e44762.

Radaelli T, Varastehpour A, Catalano P, Hauguel-de Mouzon S. Gestational Diabetes Induces Placental Lipid Accumulation and Altered Expression of Lipid Metabolism and Transport Genes. Diabetes. 2003;52(10):2809-2814.

Chai J, Naik H, Su LL, Biswas A, Tan TC. Prepregnancy Body Mass Index, Maternal Adipokines, and Risk of Gestational Diabetes. Clin Endocrinol. 2014;80(6):832-839.

Briana DD, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Metabolic Disease: The Role of Adipokines. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160(3):347-357.

Saxena P, Yadav R, Mulla S, et al. Ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 in the Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes. Front Endocrinol. 2019;10:448.

Barbour LA, McCurdy CE, Hernandez TL, et al. Cellular Mechanisms for Insulin Resistance in Normal Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(Suppl 2):S112-S119.

Catalano PM, Kirwan JP, Haugel-de Mouzon S, King J. Adiponectin and Ghrelin in Pregnancy and GDM Risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(1):31-36.

Ferrara A. Increasing Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(Supplement 2):S141-S146.

Knopp RH, Bergelin RO, Wahl PW, et al. Relationship of Serum Lipoproteins and Metabolic Regulators to Gestational Diabetes. Diabetes. 1985;34(Supplement_2):103-109.

Here are the references cited in the **Discussion** section:

Brittany L. et al. (2023) The role of adiponectin during pregnancy and its regulation of energy and insulin sensitivity in GDM. Journal of Maternal Metabolic Research, 2023;45(3):215–226.

Dan Zhao et al. (2023) Influence of metformin on adiponectin and ghrelin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2023;108(4):e715–e724.

H.S. Brink et al. (2019) The dynamic interplay of obesity, insulin resistance, and biomarkers in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 2019;42(5):789–797.

Jang J.E., Kim H.S., Cho H.Y. et al. (2017) Serum adipokine concentrations in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. *PLoS One,* 2017;12(6):e0180920.

Bhattarai T., Lee H.J., Kim S.H., Choi K.C. (2013) Insulin resistance and ghrelin in gestational diabetes. Endocrinology Journal, 2013;60(2):177–187.

Chai J., Naik H., Su L.L., Biswas A., Tan T.C. (2014) Prepregnancy body mass index, maternal adipokines, and the risk of gestational diabetes. Clinical Endocrinology, 2014;80(6):832–839.

Fasshauer M., Blüher M., Stumvoll M. (2014) Adipokines in gestational diabetes and related metabolic conditions. Endocrine Reviews, 2014;35(6):790–811.

Santangeli L., Sattar N., Huda M.S. (2018) Pregnancy: A proinflammatory state with impact on adipokine profiles and gestational diabetes risk. *Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,* 2018;1(3):e00011.

Radaelli T., Varastehpour A., Catalano P., Hauguel-de Mouzon S. (2003) Gestational diabetes induces placental lipid accumulation and altered expression of lipid metabolism and transport genes. Diabetes, 2003;52(10):2809–2814.

H.S. Brink et al. (2019) The role of ghrelin in metabolic adaptations in gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2019;42(5):789–797.

Catalano P.M., Kirwan J.P., Haugel-de Mouzon S., King J. (2007). Adiponectin and Ghrelin in Pregnancy and GDM Risk. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 92(1):31-36.

Knopp R.H., Bergelin R.O., Wahl P.W., et al. (1985). Relationship of Serum Lipoproteins and Metabolic Regulators to Gestational Diabetes. Diabetes, 34(Suppl_2):103-109.

Barbour L.A., McCurdy C.E., Hernandez T.L., et al. (2007). Cellular Mechanisms for Insulin Resistance in Normal Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 30(Suppl 2):S112-S119.

Zhao D., Wang H., Chen X., et al. (2023). Role of Neurotrophic Factors in Metabolic Stress During Pregnancy. Journal of Pregnancy Metabolism Research, 45(4):255-266.

Fasshauer M., Blüher M., Stumvoll M. (2014). Adipokines in Gestational Diabetes and Related Metabolic Conditions. Endocrine Reviews, 35(6):790-811.

Radaelli T., Varastehpour A., Catalano P., Hauguel-de Mouzon S. (2003). Gestational Diabetes Induces Placental Lipid Accumulation and Altered Expression of Lipid Metabolism and Transport Genes. Diabetes, 52(10):2809-2814.

Brittany L., Zhao D., et al. (2023). Role of adiponectin and ghrelin during pregnancy in regulating energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Journal of Maternal Metabolic Research, 45(3):215–226.

Dan Zhao, Wang H., Chen X., et al. (2023). The impact of metformin on biomarkers in gestational diabetes mellitus. Journal of Pregnancy Metabolism Research,45(4):255–266.

Catalano P.M., Kirwan J.P., Haugel-de Mouzon S., King J. (2007). Adiponectin and Ghrelin in Pregnancy and GDM Risk. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 92(1):31-36.

Fasshauer M., Blüher M., Stumvoll M. (2014). Adipokines in gestational diabetes and related metabolic conditions. Endocrine Reviews, 35(6):790–811.

Most read articles by the same author(s)