Changing Pattern of Burns in a Private Hospital

Abstract

Burn injuries pose a significant risk of infection due to their nature, immune-compromising effects, and prolonged hospital stays. Despite advancements in burn care, infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Understanding the evolving patterns of burns is crucial for effective management. This study aimed to analyze recent trends in burn cases, identifying demographic shifts and high-impact areas. Objectives included assessing the incidence and demographics of burns, investigating microbial colonization of wounds, and analyzing antibiotic resistance patterns. A demographic survey of 124 patients over 14 months included history, clinical evaluation, and wound management was done. Microbial colonization was studied through periodic wound swabs, cultured on various media. The study focused on identifying trends in burn etiology, patient demographics, and infection patterns. The study observed an increasing trend in burn cases, particularly domestic incidents, with a rise in scalds and electrical burns. Most affected were women. Pediatric burns and burns exceeding 20% of total body surface area (TBSA) also increased. Urban burns were more prevalent but rural burns had higher mortality rates. Findings reflected changing infection patterns, with gram-negative organisms becoming predominant and multi-drug resistant. Variation in microbial sensitivity to antibiotics was noted, with Pseudomonas being the most common. The study emphasized the importance of tailored antibiotic therapy based on antibiograms. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights into evolving trends in burn injuries, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to address infection and antibiotic resistance. The findings contribute to improving burn care strategies and patient outcomes.