Knowledge, Attitude, and Utilization of Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana Services: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Healthcare Centre in North-West Maharashtra

Abstract

Background: The Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) was launched to improve access to quality generic medicines at affordable prices through dedicated outlets across India. Despite its potential to reduce out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure, the utilization of PMBJP services remains suboptimal due to varying levels of awareness and perceptions regarding generic medicines. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and utilization of PMBJP services among patients attending a tertiary healthcare center in North-West Maharashtra.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients attending outpatient departments of a tertiary healthcare center in North-West Maharashtra. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, awareness and knowledge of PMBJP, attitudes toward generic medicines, and utilization practices. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings, and appropriate analytical tests were performed to identify factors associated with PMBJP utilization.
Results: Among the 274 participants,52.2% had heard about PMBJP, while 47.8% were unaware. Awareness was significantly associated with socio-economic status (p=0.0033) and educational status (p=0.0476), but not with gender (p=0.4287). Among those aware, 78.0% identified lower medicine costs as the main benefit, whereas 21.2% believed medicines were free of cost. About 80.2% recognized Janaushadhi medicines as generic, and 61.0% perceived them to be as effective as branded medicines. However, 61.3% associated lower cost with poorer quality. Of the aware respondents, 47.4% had purchased PMBJP medicines within the previous six months. Lack of physician endorsement, limited accessibility, and distrust were the major barriers to utilization.
Conclusion: Although awareness and positive perceptions regarding PMBJP exist, misconceptions about medicine quality and inadequate physician support limit its utilization. Strengthening public education and promoting physician endorsement may enhance PMBJP uptake and improve access to affordable medicines.