Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from Comparative Evaluation with Healthy Controls

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia. It is often associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and altered renal biomarkers such as uric acid and creatinine.

Objective: To compare the body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, blood pressure, serum uric acid, and serum creatinine levels between healthy individuals and patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included two groups. 100 diagnosed cases of T2DM and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Anthropometric measurements, fasting lipid profile, blood pressure, uric acid, and creatinine levels were recorded and analyzed using standard protocols.

Results: Diabetic subjects showed significantly higher BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, uric acid, and creatinine levels compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). HDL-C levels were significantly lower among diabetics.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the clustering of metabolic risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and renal dysfunction in diabetic patients, underscoring the importance of regular metabolic monitoring to prevent complications.