Comparative Profile of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients: A Prospective Observational Study from an Indian Emergency Department
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Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are major risk factors for stroke. This study compared stroke subtype, severity, and in-hospital outcomes between diabetic and hypertensive patients in an Indian emergency department.
Methods: A prospective observational study of 115 adults with radiologically confirmed stroke and documented diabetes or hypertension was conducted. Stroke type was determined by CT scan, and severity was assessed using the NIHSS.
Results: Ischemic stroke was predominant overall (74.8%). Hemorrhagic stroke was significantly more common in hypertensive patients, while ischemic stroke predominated among diabetics (p < 0.01). Stroke severity and in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly between groups.
Conclusion: Hypertension is more strongly associated with hemorrhagic stroke, whereas diabetes predominantly predisposes to ischemic stroke. However, stroke severity and short-term hospital outcomes were comparable between the two groups, emphasizing the need for effective risk-factor control in both conditions.
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