Air Pollution Tolerance Index in Selected Plant Species at Different Sites in Muzaffarpur City
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Abstract
Urban growth, industrial development, to higher PM2.5 concentrations compared to recommended level, all contribute to a major risk of air pollution in cities. Plants can be an aid in removal of contaminants. The PM pollution is caused by majority of residential energy use, transportation, and industrial sources. Addition of greenery along roads and highways can greatly reduce PM levels. Four sites with in Muzaffarpur city were selected to conduct the study, based on the sources of pollution, level of pollution, the amount of greenery, the use of the land, and the traffic congestion. The sequence of the locations’ was Akharaghat (AKG)> Bela Industrial Area (BIA)> Amgola Road (AMG)> Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University (BRABU). The focus of this study is to evaluate the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of 12 locally grown roadside plants such as Dalbergia sissoo, Mangifera indica, Syzygium cumini, Psidium guajava, Azadirachta indica, Hibiscus rosasinensis, Cassia fistula, Litchi chinensis, Morus alba, Terminalia arjuna, Nerium oleander and Polyalthia longifolia were selected. At AKG site, a significant amount of dust load was recorded due to heavy traffic. The highest dust deposition was observed in Psidium guajava (0.97 mg/cm2) in AKG, the most polluted site and the lowest on Nerium oleander (0.32 mg/cm2) in BRABU. Based on APTI, the tolerant species identified were Mangifera indica, Syzygium cumini, Azadirachta indica, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Cassia fistula, Polyalthia longifolia, Litchi chinensis, and Psidium guajava, while the sensitive species included Morus alba, Terminalia arjuna, Nerium oleander and Dalbergia sissoo. The findings thus suggest that Cassia fistula, Syzygium cumini, Psidium guajava, Polyalthia longifolia, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Litchi chinensis, and Mangifera indica have a high APTI, and could be planted in urban regions to help prevent or minimize vehicular air pollution.
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