Nutritional Evaluation of Ganoderma lucidum Karst Collected from Gorakhpur City of Northern Part of India

Abstract

This study investigates the genotoxic effects of Atrazine, a commonly used herbicide, and Pyrethrum, a natural insecticide on DNA integrity in Rohu fish (Labeo rohita Ham.). Using agarose gel electrophoresis, we detected significant DNA fragmentation in samples exposed to both chemicals. Pyrethrum caused DNA damage across various tissues—liver, muscle, gills, and kidney—with the most severe effects observed after 28 days of exposure. Atrazine exposure produced similar DNA fragmentation patterns across all tested tissues. Control samples, which were not exposed to either chemical, exhibited intact DNA, suggesting that the DNA damage was due to chemical exposure.